Conjoined fetal twins in a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)
Presentation Abstract
Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are the most abundant marine mammal in the Salish Sea and have been used as indicators for contaminants throughout the region. On July 11, 2013, an adult female harbor seal stranded on a private beach in Olga, WA (48° 36' 2.79", -122° 49' 45.92") and was collected by the San Juan County Marine Mammal Stranding Network. Gross examination indicated that the animal was in good nutritional condition and likely died as a result of dystocia (birthing difficulty). The seal was pregnant with male ischiopagus conjoined twins that were oriented at a 180° angle. The more caudal head protruded from the vulva and the more cranial head was retained in utero. Four pairs of flippers (two sets of fore-flippers and two sets of caudal flippers) were present. CT scan showed that the twins were joined at the caudal aspect of the thoracic spine/cranial lumbar spine where there was fusion of the spinal canal and vertebral bodies as well as significant spinal angulation and distortion. The fetus was incompletely developed, as evidenced by the presence of a partial lanugo coat, deciduous incisors and fetal heart circulation. The fontanels for both heads were not fused and were incompletely mineralized. Multifactorial contaminants, chromosomal aberrations, infectious agents and other entities have been known to cause fetal malformations in domestic animals. Toxicologic screening for a variety of organic and inorganic contaminants in liver, kidney and adipose samples was unremarkable. We hypothesize that this congenital anomaly was idiopathic, not due to contaminants, and related to disordered embryonic migration and fusion.
Session Title
Session S-04D: Marine Birds and Mammals of the Salish Sea: Identifying Patterns and Causes of Change - I
Conference Track
Species and Food Webs
Conference Name
Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference (2014 : Seattle, Wash.)
Document Type
Event
Start Date
1-5-2014 5:00 PM
End Date
1-5-2014 6:30 PM
Location
Room 6C
Genre/Form
conference proceedings; presentations (communicative events)
Contributing Repository
Digital content made available by University Archives, Heritage Resources, Western Libraries, Western Washington University.
Subjects – Topical (LCSH)
Harbor seal--Washington (State)--Friday Harbor; Conjoined twins--Washington (State)--Friday Harbor
Geographic Coverage
Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Friday Harbor (Wash.)
Rights
This resource is displayed for educational purposes only and may be subject to U.S. and international copyright laws. For more information about rights or obtaining copies of this resource, please contact University Archives, Heritage Resources, Western Libraries, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9103, USA (360-650-7534; heritage.resources@wwu.edu) and refer to the collection name and identifier. Any materials cited must be attributed to the Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference Records, University Archives, Heritage Resources, Western Libraries, Western Washington University.
Type
Text
Language
English
Format
application/pdf
Conjoined fetal twins in a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)
Room 6C
Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are the most abundant marine mammal in the Salish Sea and have been used as indicators for contaminants throughout the region. On July 11, 2013, an adult female harbor seal stranded on a private beach in Olga, WA (48° 36' 2.79", -122° 49' 45.92") and was collected by the San Juan County Marine Mammal Stranding Network. Gross examination indicated that the animal was in good nutritional condition and likely died as a result of dystocia (birthing difficulty). The seal was pregnant with male ischiopagus conjoined twins that were oriented at a 180° angle. The more caudal head protruded from the vulva and the more cranial head was retained in utero. Four pairs of flippers (two sets of fore-flippers and two sets of caudal flippers) were present. CT scan showed that the twins were joined at the caudal aspect of the thoracic spine/cranial lumbar spine where there was fusion of the spinal canal and vertebral bodies as well as significant spinal angulation and distortion. The fetus was incompletely developed, as evidenced by the presence of a partial lanugo coat, deciduous incisors and fetal heart circulation. The fontanels for both heads were not fused and were incompletely mineralized. Multifactorial contaminants, chromosomal aberrations, infectious agents and other entities have been known to cause fetal malformations in domestic animals. Toxicologic screening for a variety of organic and inorganic contaminants in liver, kidney and adipose samples was unremarkable. We hypothesize that this congenital anomaly was idiopathic, not due to contaminants, and related to disordered embryonic migration and fusion.
