SSRI's in WWTP effluents and their disposition and effects in salmonids and marine flatfish
Presentation Abstract
We surveyed eight WWTP effluents for six different SSRIs and found total levels varied between 77 and 1,673 ng/L. The most abundant SSRIs (>90% of ∑SSRI) detected were citalopram >>> fluoxetine > sertraline. We subsequently performed a series of in vivo and in vitro exposures to assess the uptake, metabolism and effects of these SSRIs both as a mixture (at ratios observed in effluents) and as individual chemicals in salmonids and English sole. Static water exposures to an SSRI mixture in rainbow trout revealed sertraline was the most rapidly absorbed SSRI with an uptake clearance of approximately 35 ml/hr/g, nearly 10x more rapid than fluoxetine. Citalopram was the least absorbed SSRI. Subsequent continuous exposures of trout and English sole to a similar SSRI mixture indicated the kidney>> liver > brain were the tissues that accumulated the highest concentrations of SSRIs. Substantial formation of the sertraline metabolite norsertraline was observed in both trout and sole. Concentrations of norsertraline were similar or higher than sertraline in some tissues such as the liver and brain. High levels of sertraline and norsertraline were found in bile, which increased three fold after enzymatic deconjugation. In vitro studies using hepatocytes or liver homogenates confirmed sertraline is the most rapidly metabolized SSRI. Additional in vitro studies using primary pituitary cells and isolated ovarian follicles found the most sensitive effect of SSRI exposure was antagonism of the estrogen induced expression of the beta subunit for luteinizing hormone. These results suggest sertraline is the SSRI most likely to bioaccumulate and become biotransformed by fishes and achieve tissue levels near the threshold for biological effect. Supported by EPA-STAR grant R835167, WA Dept. of Ecology G1400206.
Session Title
Occurrence and impacts of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Salish Sea
Conference Track
SSE3: Fate, Transport, and Toxicity of Chemicals
Conference Name
Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference (2018 : Seattle, Wash.)
Document Type
Event
SSEC Identifier
SSE3-357
Start Date
5-4-2018 4:45 PM
End Date
5-4-2018 5:00 PM
Type of Presentation
Oral
Genre/Form
conference proceedings; presentations (communicative events)
Contributing Repository
Digital content made available by University Archives, Heritage Resources, Western Libraries, Western Washington University.
Subjects – Topical (LCSH)
Salmonidae--Effect of drugs on--Washington (State); Parophys vetulus--Effect of drugs on--Washington (State); Antidepresants--Environmental aspects--Washington (State); Sewage--Environmental aspects--Washington (State)
Geographic Coverage
Washington (State)
Rights
This resource is displayed for educational purposes only and may be subject to U.S. and international copyright laws. For more information about rights or obtaining copies of this resource, please contact University Archives, Heritage Resources, Western Libraries, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9103, USA (360-650-7534; heritage.resources@wwu.edu) and refer to the collection name and identifier. Any materials cited must be attributed to the Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference Records, University Archives, Heritage Resources, Western Libraries, Western Washington University.
Type
Text
Language
English
Format
application/pdf
SSRI's in WWTP effluents and their disposition and effects in salmonids and marine flatfish
We surveyed eight WWTP effluents for six different SSRIs and found total levels varied between 77 and 1,673 ng/L. The most abundant SSRIs (>90% of ∑SSRI) detected were citalopram >>> fluoxetine > sertraline. We subsequently performed a series of in vivo and in vitro exposures to assess the uptake, metabolism and effects of these SSRIs both as a mixture (at ratios observed in effluents) and as individual chemicals in salmonids and English sole. Static water exposures to an SSRI mixture in rainbow trout revealed sertraline was the most rapidly absorbed SSRI with an uptake clearance of approximately 35 ml/hr/g, nearly 10x more rapid than fluoxetine. Citalopram was the least absorbed SSRI. Subsequent continuous exposures of trout and English sole to a similar SSRI mixture indicated the kidney>> liver > brain were the tissues that accumulated the highest concentrations of SSRIs. Substantial formation of the sertraline metabolite norsertraline was observed in both trout and sole. Concentrations of norsertraline were similar or higher than sertraline in some tissues such as the liver and brain. High levels of sertraline and norsertraline were found in bile, which increased three fold after enzymatic deconjugation. In vitro studies using hepatocytes or liver homogenates confirmed sertraline is the most rapidly metabolized SSRI. Additional in vitro studies using primary pituitary cells and isolated ovarian follicles found the most sensitive effect of SSRI exposure was antagonism of the estrogen induced expression of the beta subunit for luteinizing hormone. These results suggest sertraline is the SSRI most likely to bioaccumulate and become biotransformed by fishes and achieve tissue levels near the threshold for biological effect. Supported by EPA-STAR grant R835167, WA Dept. of Ecology G1400206.
