Streaming Media
Presentation Abstract
The shellfish aquaculture industry is growing, and shellfish growers have begun to cultivate native shellfish to prevent introduction of non-native species. However, cultivation of native species poses genetic risks to wild populations if farmed and wild animals interbreed. Available simulation models for assessing genetic risks of aquaculture are not well suited for shellfish life history or the complexities associated with spatial management and are often limited to one or two of at least three types of genetic risks, preventing assessment of trade-offs among risks and emergent interactions among genetic processes. We developed an open-source, individual-based simulation model for conducting genetic risk assessments of native shellfish aquaculture and demonstrated its utility in measuring a variety of genetic impacts, trade-offs among impacts, and emergent effects in Olympia Oyster (Ostrea lurida) aquaculture. The model quantifies changes in genetic diversity within and among populations, and fitness of wild populations due to farm escapees. We compared 12 scenarios, encompassing elements of commercial and restoration aquaculture under different combinations of escape rate and strength of selection. Results were generally consistent with population genetic theory, including greatest effects when both selection and escape were high and a rapid irreversible erosion of genetic differentiation among wild populations when foreign broodstock was used. We also found surprising findings, for example, a rapid decline in neutral genetic diversity caused by selection and a reduction of allelic diversity that was fastest in the farm and slowest in the local wild population under the same conditions. We suggest future directions for model uses and development and conclude by describing the management implications of our results for the cultivation of Olympia Oyster and other shellfish species.
Session Title
Poster Session 3: Land - Water Connections
Conference Track
SSE14: Posters
Conference Name
Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference (2022 : Online)
Document Type
Event
SSEC Identifier
SSE-posters-210
Start Date
27-4-2022 4:00 PM
End Date
27-4-2022 4:30 PM
Type of Presentation
Poster
Genre/Form
conference proceedings; presentations (communicative events)
Contributing Repository
Digital content made available by University Archives, Heritage Resources, Western Libraries, Western Washington University.
Subjects – Topical (LCSH)
Shellfish culture; Shellfish--Genetics; Olympia oyster; Shellfish fisheries
Geographic Coverage
Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.)
Rights
Copying of this document in whole or in part is allowable only for scholarly purposes. It is understood, however, that any copying or publication of this document for commercial purposes, or for financial gain, shall not be allowed without the author's written permission.
Type
Text
Language
English
Format
application/pdf
Included in
Fresh Water Studies Commons, Marine Biology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons
Genetic risk assessment model for native shellfish aquaculture
The shellfish aquaculture industry is growing, and shellfish growers have begun to cultivate native shellfish to prevent introduction of non-native species. However, cultivation of native species poses genetic risks to wild populations if farmed and wild animals interbreed. Available simulation models for assessing genetic risks of aquaculture are not well suited for shellfish life history or the complexities associated with spatial management and are often limited to one or two of at least three types of genetic risks, preventing assessment of trade-offs among risks and emergent interactions among genetic processes. We developed an open-source, individual-based simulation model for conducting genetic risk assessments of native shellfish aquaculture and demonstrated its utility in measuring a variety of genetic impacts, trade-offs among impacts, and emergent effects in Olympia Oyster (Ostrea lurida) aquaculture. The model quantifies changes in genetic diversity within and among populations, and fitness of wild populations due to farm escapees. We compared 12 scenarios, encompassing elements of commercial and restoration aquaculture under different combinations of escape rate and strength of selection. Results were generally consistent with population genetic theory, including greatest effects when both selection and escape were high and a rapid irreversible erosion of genetic differentiation among wild populations when foreign broodstock was used. We also found surprising findings, for example, a rapid decline in neutral genetic diversity caused by selection and a reduction of allelic diversity that was fastest in the farm and slowest in the local wild population under the same conditions. We suggest future directions for model uses and development and conclude by describing the management implications of our results for the cultivation of Olympia Oyster and other shellfish species.
