Streaming Media
Presentation Abstract
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) rely on large reserves of energy accumulated at sea to complete their journey upstream, mature reproductively, and spawn. In part due to these energy reserves, Chinook are the primary prey species for resident killer whales. However, energy density has been shown to vary significantly among Chinook populations, indicating that data on stock specific energy density are necessary to assess whether available prey can meet resident killer whale energy requirements. In this study, we sought to derive stock specific estimates of Southern British Columbia Chinook energy density. To begin, we evaluated a microwave energy meter as a non-lethal, rapid method for assessing lipid content (a proxy for energy density) in Chinook. Energy meter readings were collected from 60 Chinook which were then fully homogenized and lipid extracted to calibrate the device to measure whole-body lipid content. Our analysis provided a strong linear regression relationship between energy meter measurements and whole-body lipid content (R²=0.88, p < 0.001). Following this analysis we deployed the energy meter at the Albion Fraser River Test Fishery in Maple Ridge, BC Canada in 2020. We collected energy meter readings from 1568 individual Chinook encompassing members of all 5 Fraser management units. We identified three distinct groups of these management units based on average lipid level: Fall-41 (6.7% ± 1.8), Summer-41 (10.8% ± 2.2) and a group containing Spring-42, Spring-52 and Summer-52 (13.0% ± 2.8). Our results show that the Summer-41 group contained 25% more kcal/kg than the Fall-41 group and that the Spring-42, Spring-52 and Summer-52 group contained 40% more kcal/kg than the Fall-41 group. This study indicates how Chinook life history drives energy accumulation and provides values which can be used in conjunction with known Chinook and resident killer whale distribution to more accurately assess whether available prey meet predator energy needs.
Session Title
Poster Session 2: The Salish Sea Food Web and Cycles of Life
Conference Track
SSE14: Posters
Conference Name
Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference (2022 : Online)
Document Type
Event
SSEC Identifier
SSE-posters-317
Start Date
26-4-2022 4:30 PM
End Date
26-4-2022 5:00 PM
Type of Presentation
Poster
Genre/Form
conference proceedings; presentations (communicative events); posters
Subjects – Topical (LCSH)
Chinook salmon--Effect of predation on--British Columbia--Fraser River; Chinook salmon--Physiology--British Columbia--Fraser River; Bioenergetics
Geographic Coverage
Fraser River (B.C.)
Rights
Copying of this document in whole or in part is allowable only for scholarly purposes. It is understood, however, that any copying or publication of this document for commercial purposes, or for financial gain, shall not be allowed without the author's written permission.
Type
Text
Language
English
Format
application/pdf
Included in
Fresh Water Studies Commons, Marine Biology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons
Taking Stock of Chinook Salmon Energy Densities has Implications for Resident Killer Whales Meeting Their Energy Needs
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) rely on large reserves of energy accumulated at sea to complete their journey upstream, mature reproductively, and spawn. In part due to these energy reserves, Chinook are the primary prey species for resident killer whales. However, energy density has been shown to vary significantly among Chinook populations, indicating that data on stock specific energy density are necessary to assess whether available prey can meet resident killer whale energy requirements. In this study, we sought to derive stock specific estimates of Southern British Columbia Chinook energy density. To begin, we evaluated a microwave energy meter as a non-lethal, rapid method for assessing lipid content (a proxy for energy density) in Chinook. Energy meter readings were collected from 60 Chinook which were then fully homogenized and lipid extracted to calibrate the device to measure whole-body lipid content. Our analysis provided a strong linear regression relationship between energy meter measurements and whole-body lipid content (R²=0.88, p < 0.001). Following this analysis we deployed the energy meter at the Albion Fraser River Test Fishery in Maple Ridge, BC Canada in 2020. We collected energy meter readings from 1568 individual Chinook encompassing members of all 5 Fraser management units. We identified three distinct groups of these management units based on average lipid level: Fall-41 (6.7% ± 1.8), Summer-41 (10.8% ± 2.2) and a group containing Spring-42, Spring-52 and Summer-52 (13.0% ± 2.8). Our results show that the Summer-41 group contained 25% more kcal/kg than the Fall-41 group and that the Spring-42, Spring-52 and Summer-52 group contained 40% more kcal/kg than the Fall-41 group. This study indicates how Chinook life history drives energy accumulation and provides values which can be used in conjunction with known Chinook and resident killer whale distribution to more accurately assess whether available prey meet predator energy needs.
